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Cancer: Genes vs Lifestyle
7 Jul 2020
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A lovely, 3-min video by Dr Greger:
(2016) Why You Should Care About Nutrition

(3 mins) Transcript.

In the video above (Why You Should Care About Nutrition (3 mins, 2016)), Dr Greger explains:

Most deaths in the United States are preventable, and related to nutrition. According to the most rigorous analysis of risk factors ever published—the Global Burden of Disease Study, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—the number one cause of death in the United States, and the number one cause of disability, is our diet, which has bumped tobacco smoking to number two. Smoking now only kills a half million Americans every year, whereas our diet kills hundreds of thousands more.

What we eat is the number one determinant of how long we live. What we eat is what determines most whether we’ll die prematurely. What we eat is what determines most whether we become disabled or not.

Does it really matter what we eat? Well, the good news is, we have tremendous power over our health destiny and longevity. The majority of premature death and disability is preventable, with a healthy enough diet. It’s…the…food.

Global Burden of Disease

Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It's the largest ever study for understanding the risk factors underlying death and disability worldwide.

Is diet the #1 factor underlying death and disability in USA? Yes. The top bars in the figure below are called "Dietary Risks":

(Please click on image to expand)

Source: The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by US Burden of Disease Collaborators, JAMA, 2013 Aug 14;310(6):591-608.

How Much of Cancer Incidence Is Attributble To Lifestyle?

The title of the video below is 'Hot Dogs & Leukemia' but the goal of this video is to understand, "How much cancer risk can be avoided through lifestyle change?"

(2009) Hot Dogs & Leukemia

(2 mins) Transcript.

Excerpts from the video above (Hot Dogs & Leukemia (2 mins, 2009)):

Diet is the #1 cause of cancer. Cancer is, therefore, a preventable disease, but it does require major lifestyle changes. Only 5-10% of cancer is in our genes, our family history. The other 90 to 95% of cancer risk is caused by what we expose our bodies to.

Of the 90-95%, tobacco contributes about a quarter of the risk in the United States. There are some infectious causes—particularly in people with AIDS—but diet, if you include obesity and alcohol, makes up about 50% of our cancer risk. And cell phones, air pollution, X-rays, everything else, all just fits into that last 10-15%.

Anything about our diet in particular? From a massive new study in Canada last year, total meat consumption was directly related to the risk of not only stomach cancer, but colon cancer, and rectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, and breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and testicular cancer, and kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and more leukemia as well.

A couple of diagrams from the research paper that Dr Greger is referring to:


Source: Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes by Anand et al, Pharm Res., 2008 Sep; 25(9): 2097-2116.


Source: Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes by Anand et al, Pharm Res., 2008 Sep; 25(9): 2097-2116.


Source: Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes by Anand et al, Pharm Res., 2008 Sep; 25(9): 2097-2116.

Lifestyle Factors

Neutralizing Tumor-Promoting Chronic Inflammation: A Magic Bullet? by Coussens et al, Science 2013 Jan 18; 339(6617): 286-291 explains:

"The majority of malignant tumors (95%) have been linked to somatic (as opposed to germline) mutations in genes encoding proteins regulating critical aspects of cell cycle progression and/or death"

"Epidemiological studies have provided etiologic insight into many of these mutations, thus revealing that 30% of human malignancies are linked to tobacco use, 35% to diet, 14 to 20% to obesity, 18% to infectious agents, and 7% to radiation or environmental pollutants"

In other words, only 5% of cancer is being attributed to genes, 95% is being attributed to our non-genetic (mostly lifestyle) factors like tobacco, diet, obesity (which is linked to diet), infectious agents and polllutants.

© Copyright 2008—2025, Gurmeet Manku.