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Stents, Angioplasty & Bypass Surgeries
15 May 2021
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How effective are stents, angioplasty & bypass surgeries? What do Drs Greger, McDougall, Fuhrman, Esselstyn and Ornish say? What does the ISCHEMA Study from 2019 tell us?
Dr Michael Greger

In October 2020, Dr Greger held a multi-hour webinar titled How Effective are Statins and Stents?

Outside of an emergency setting, there appear to be zero benefits to angioplasty and stents. Stents don't prevent heart attacks, they don't extend your life, and based on sham "placebo" surgery trials where they cut into you but don't actually place a stent, they don't even help with symptoms! But wait, that would mean hundreds of thousands of people are exposed to the risks of these operations for nothing? How do the doctors justify it? How do they get patients to sign up for it? And wait, why doesn't it work if in fact, you're opening up a blocked artery? — Dr Greger

Dr Greger's video series below was an eye opener for me! In particular, the video titled "(2021) Why Angioplasty Heart Stents Don't Work Better" has an important insight that helped me understand the root cause of what's going on.

(2021) Do Angioplasty Heart Stent Procedures Work?

(6 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "There are demonstrably no benefits to the hundreds of thousands of angioplasty and stent procedures performed outside of an emergency setting. They don't prevent heart attacks, enable you to live longer, or even help with symptoms any more than placebo (fake) surgery."

(2021) Why Angioplasty Heart Stents Don't Work Better

(6 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "Most heart attacks are caused by nonobstructive plaques that infiltrate the entire coronary artery tree. There is no such thing as '1-vessel disease', '2-vessel disease', or 'left main disease.' Atherosclerotic plaque is continuous throughout the coronary arteries of heart attack victims."

(2021) The Risks of Heart Stents

(7 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "Why are doctors killing or stroking out thousands of people a year for nothing? How do doctors even convince patients to sign up for procedures that are all risk without benefit?"

(2021) Angioplasty Heart Stent Risks vs. Benefits

(5 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "What do physicians and stent companies have to say for themselves, given that they are promoting expensive, risky procedures with no benefit?"

(2021) Do Heart Stent Procedures Work for Angina Chest Pain?

(7 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "Sham surgery trials prove that procedures like nonemergency stents offer no benefit for angina pain — only risk to millions of patients."

(2021) Why Are Stents Still Used If They Don's Work?

(6 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "Over and over, studies have shown that doctors tend to make different clinical decisions for patients based on how much they will get paid personally."

(2021) Heart Stents and Upcoding: How Cardiologists Game the System

(8 mins) Transcript. Dr Greger's summary: "Cardiologists can criminally game the system by telling a patient they have a much more serious, unstable disease than they really have, fraud that results in unnecessary procedures, unnecessary cost, and unnecessary patient harm."

Dr Caldwell Esselstyn

In the article What would you say to someone considering a stent or other surgical procedure or drug therapy, to treat their heart disease? Dr Esselstyn says:

All heart patients who are not absolute emergencies should first have an aggressive opportunity at non surgical medical therapy. This is not just my opinion but that of expert cardiolgists from Boston, Hartford, Houston, Stanford, San Diego, Seattle and Cleveland. I advocate an aggressive plant based nutrition program to arrest and reverse the disease and to avoid all surgery. Drugs alone do not prevent heart attacks and stop symptoms of heart disease.

(9 mins, 2019) How Effective Is Heart Bypass Surgery, Stents, Angioplasty At Preventing Heart Attacks And Strokes?
(33 mins, 2016) Failure and Dishonesty of the Heart Surgery Business
(13 mins, 2021) High Blood Pressure Medications, The Cause Of Heart Attacks, Stents

A good video with a simple explanation on how hypertension medicines may affect heart health negatively, leading to atrial fibrillation, for example. The latter half of the video explains how plaques, including juvenile plaques, may cause heart attacks, and the efficacy of stents.

(2019) ISCHEMIA Study

The ISCHEMIA Study cost 100 million US dollars. Over 5,000 patients were studied at 320 sites worldwide over a 12-year time period. An article at ForksOverKnives covered this study: New Study: For Stable Heart Disease, Lifestyle Changes and Meds Just as Effective as Bypass, Stents

(2019, 5 mins) ISCHEMIA Study Finds No Evidence of Fewer Cardiac Events After Heart Procedures

In this video, Dr Judith Hochman summarizes the findings of the ISCHEMIA Study. She is the principal investigator this study. YouTube video description has this snippet:

"The study found that patients that underwent routine, invasive procedures — such as stent implants or bypass surgery — when compared with patients that received only medications such as aspirin or statins and lifestyle advice, saw no reduction in the rate of occurrence for a group of five events: cardiovascular death, heart attack, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, or resuscitation after cardiac arrest."

(7 mins) Day 1 Highlights - ISCHEMIA | AHA 2019

This video is from AHA 2019, the conference where ICHEMIA Study was presented.

(15 mins) ISCHEMIA: To Intervene or Not To Intervene

An exposition of ISCHEMIA Study by Gregg W Stone (ISCHEMIA Trials Steering Committee).

(6 mins) ISCHEMIA-CKD | AHA 2019

Dr. Sripal Bangalore explains the primary results of clinical outcomes of the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial.

Dr William C Roberts

William C Roberts (1932-) is a renowned cardiologist & pathologist: see William C Roberts (Wikipedia). He has over 1,300 scientific publications, and he's been the Editor in Chief of American Journal of Cardiology for over 25 years. I came to know of William C Roberts through Dr Greger's videos: Eliminating the #1 Cause of Death (4 mins, 2010) and How Low Should You Go for Ideal Cholesterol Levels? (6 mins, 2021), in which he mentions that William C Roberts' CV is over 100 pages long!

A key point in Dr Greger's 7-part video series is that heart disease is a 'systemic disease' affecting the entire length of our arteries. It is not a 'localized disease' affecting only those sections of our arteries where stents may be placed. What makes the disease systemic? The second video in Dr Greger's 7-part video series explains the "5mm studies" by Dr William C Roberts. These studies are explained in detail by Dr Roberts himself in lectures like these (available at his YouTube channel):

(90 mins) Shifting from Preventing and Arresting to Decreasing Atherosclerosis
(63 mins) Baylor Talk
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