In this video: Ominove vs Vegan Nutrient Deficiencies (2007, 1 min), Dr Greger reminds us that a large percentage of vegans were found deficient in 3 nutrients (if they were not careful about nutrition): calcium, iodine, B12. So as a vegan, it's important to get sufficient calcium from diet! But how?

How to Get Calcium Without Dairy (2019, Dr Thomas Campbell) explains why vegans are often deficient in calcium (and therefore, have to worry about calcium intake) but those who follow Whole Food Plant-Based (WFPB) guidelines need not worry (because sufficient calcium is found in typical (WFPB) food plates in a day).

Note that veganism is not the same as Whole Food Plant-Based. Most vegans are 'ethical vegans' who have stopped consuming meat and dairy. But most of them continue to consume processed foods. In contrast, those follow Whole Food Plant-Based avoid processed foods. Some ethical vegans have not even heard of Whole Food Plant-Based.

Ethical vegans often replace calcium-rich dairy foods (which they consumed prior to becoming vegan) by calcium-deficient processed foods like unfortified snacks and grain-based foods with lots of added sugar, fat and salt. Moreover, such vegans may not be consuming calcium rich plant sources like greens, beans and other veggies.

What should ethical vegans who continue to consume processed foods do? In his article How to Get Calcium Without Dairy (2019), Dr Thomas Campbell offers two ideas: Either replace processed foods by whole foods like greens, beans and other calcium rich veggies. Or consume non-dairy milks fortified with calcium.